Uterine fibroids, also known as leiomyomas or myomas, are non-cancerous growths that develop in or on the uterus. These growths are common and can vary greatly in size, number, and location within the uterus. While some women with fibroids experience no symptoms, others may face significant discomfort and complications. Dr. Shaifali Dadhich, a senior gynecologist, provides valuable insights into the different types of uterine fibroids and their management.
Types of Uterine Fibroids
Understanding the types of fibroids is crucial for diagnosis and treatment. Uterine fibroids are classified based on their location within the uterus:
1. Intramural Fibroids: These are the most common type and develop within the muscular wall of the uterus. They can cause the uterus to enlarge and may lead to heavy menstrual bleeding, pelvic pain, and pressure.
2. Subserosal Fibroids: Located on the outer surface of the uterus, subserosal fibroids can grow large and cause significant discomfort. They may press against surrounding organs, leading to symptoms such as bloating, urinary frequency, and constipation.
3. Submucosal Fibroids: These fibroids grow just beneath the lining of the uterine cavity. Even small submucosal fibroids can cause heavy menstrual bleeding and fertility issues due to their location.
4. Pedunculated Fibroids: Attached to the uterine wall by a stalk-like structure, pedunculated fibroids can develop either on the inside or outside of the uterus. These fibroids may twist on their stalk, causing severe pain and requiring prompt medical attention.
Symptoms of Uterine Fibroids
While some women with fibroids experience no symptoms, others may have:
- Heavy or prolonged menstrual periods
- Pelvic pain or pressure
- Frequent urination or difficulty emptying the bladder
- Constipation
- Back or leg pain
- Pain during intercourse
- Enlarged abdomen
Diagnosing Uterine Fibroids
Dr. Shaifali Dadhich emphasizes the importance of accurate diagnosis to guide effective treatment. Diagnosis typically involves:
- Pelvic Examination: A physical examination to feel for abnormalities in the uterus.
- Ultrasound: Imaging to visualize the fibroids and determine their size and location.
- MRI: Detailed imaging to assess the number, size, and position of fibroids.
- Hysterosonography: Saline-infused ultrasound to view fibroids within the uterine cavity.
- Hysteroscopy: Insertion of a thin, lighted instrument through the cervix to examine the uterine cavity.
Management of Uterine Fibroids
The management of uterine fibroids depends on several factors, including the severity of symptoms, the size and location of the fibroids, the patient’s age, and desire for future pregnancies. Dr. Dadhich outlines various treatment options:
Conservative Management
- Watchful Waiting: Monitoring fibroids if they are not causing significant symptoms.
- Medications: Hormonal treatments, such as gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonists, oral contraceptives, and progestins, to manage symptoms and shrink fibroids.
- Non-Hormonal Medications: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for pain relief and tranexamic acid to reduce heavy menstrual bleeding.
Minimally Invasive Procedures
- Uterine Artery Embolization (UAE): Blocking the blood supply to the fibroids, causing them to shrink.
- Myomectomy: Surgical removal of fibroids, preserving the uterus and fertility. This can be done via hysteroscopy, laparoscopy, or an open surgical procedure.
- Endometrial Ablation: Destroying the lining of the uterus to reduce heavy bleeding, suitable for small submucosal fibroids.
Surgical Procedures
- Hysterectomy: Removal of the uterus, which provides a permanent solution for fibroids but eliminates the possibility of future pregnancies.
- Laparoscopic or Robotic Surgery: Less invasive options for fibroid removal, involving smaller incisions and quicker recovery times.
Lifestyle and Home Remedies
In addition to medical treatments, Dr. Dadhich recommends lifestyle changes to manage fibroid symptoms:
- Maintaining a healthy weight
- Eating a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains
- Regular exercise to improve overall health and reduce symptoms
- Stress management techniques, such as yoga and meditation
Conclusion
Uterine fibroids are a common condition that can significantly impact a woman’s quality of life. With a thorough understanding of the types of fibroids and a range of management options, Dr. Shaifali Dadhich helps her patients navigate their treatment choices. Whether through conservative management, minimally invasive procedures, or surgery, Dr. Dadhich is dedicated to providing personalized care to achieve the best possible outcomes for her patients.
If you are experiencing symptoms of uterine fibroids, consider consulting with Dr. Shaifali Dadhich to explore your treatment options and take control of your health.